Human metapneumovirus: has HMPV been around since 1958? Why was this taken lightly in 2001?

Last update:January 6, 2025, 1:06 pm EST

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this virus, first identified in 2001, has existed on Earth for 66 years. Experts suggest that, based on serological evidence, the virus has been circulating since at least 1958

In China, which is currently in winter, we are seeing a sharp increase in metapneumovirus infections. (Rep/AP File)

There are different types of viruses in the world, some more dangerous than others. Scientists are constantly studying these viruses, developing vaccines to combat them. However, 23 years ago a “new” virus emerged, which, although attracting scientific attention, did not initially lead to extensive research or the development of a vaccine.

Today the same virus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), poses a serious threat and is feared around the world due to the lack of a vaccine. Currently, HMPV is wreaking havoc in China.

HMPV is an RNA virus belonging to the class of metapneumoviruses of the Pneumoviridae family. It is a common respiratory virus that causes infections such as the common cold. HMPV is seasonal, usually occurring in winter and early spring, as is respiratory syncytial disease virus and flu.

In China, which is currently in winter, we are seeing a sharp increase in metapneumovirus infections. The virus is affecting millions and overwhelming hospitals, causing widespread disruption. Its influence is also visible in other countries, including: Indiawhich was put on high alert.

What did scientists take lightly?

Contrary to popular belief, HMPV is nothing new. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the virus has been present on Earth for 66 years and was first identified in 2001. Experts suggest that serological evidence indicates its presence since at least 1958.

HMPV, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family next to RSV, has become a common respiratory pathogen around the world, spreading mainly through droplets produced during coughing and sneezing. Scientists did not take this long-existing virus seriously; otherwise, a vaccine might already have been developed.

Chaos in China

Currently, this virus is causing concern in China. As a common pathogen in its category, it spreads around the world, mainly through droplets expelled during coughing and sneezing. Infection may also occur as a result of close contact with infected people and exposure to a contaminated environment.

The infection period is believed to last three to five days. The virus occurs year-round, but is most common in winter and spring, which may explain widespread infections in China. As a result, masks have made a comeback and the Indian government has issued advisories urging caution.